The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) was established in November 1993 as an autonomous society under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. NIOT aims to develop reliable indigenous technologies to solve various engineering problems associated with the harvesting of non-living and living resources in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which is about two-thirds of the land area of India. The institute focuses on ocean technology development, deep-sea mining, coastal and environmental engineering, ocean observation systems, and marine biotechnology.