The European Union (EU) and Kazakhstan share a strong trade relationship, underpinned by the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA), which came into force in March 2020. The EU is Kazakhstan's largest trade partner, accounting for 40% of its external trade, primarily in energy and raw materials. Kazakhstan is a key supplier of oil, gas, and uranium to the EU, and the EU provides machinery, chemical products, and technology to Kazakhstan. The partnership aims to diversify Kazakhstan's economy and strengthen collaboration on sustainability, energy, and climate change initiatives.